Einstein's Jury: The Race to Test RelativityPrinceton University Press, 2006 - 397 síður Einstein's Jury is the dramatic story of how astronomers in Germany, England, and America competed to test Einstein's developing theory of relativity. Weaving a rich narrative based on extensive archival research, Jeffrey Crelinsten shows how these early scientific debates shaped cultural attitudes we hold today. The book examines Einstein's theory of general relativity through the eyes of astronomers, many of whom were not convinced of the legitimacy of Einstein's startling breakthrough. These were individuals with international reputations to uphold and benefactors and shareholders to please, yet few of them understood the new theory coming from the pen of Germany's up-and-coming theoretical physicist, Albert Einstein. Some tried to test his theory early in its development but got no results. Others--through toil and hardship, great expense, and perseverance--concluded that it was wrong. A tale of international competition and intrigue, Einstein's Jury brims with detail gleaned from Crelinsten's far-reaching inquiry into the history and development of relativity. Crelinsten concludes that the well-known British eclipse expedition of 1919 that made Einstein famous had less to do with the scientific acceptance of his theory than with his burgeoning public fame. It was not until the 1920s, when the center of gravity of astronomy and physics shifted from Europe to America, that the work of prestigious American observatories legitimized Einstein's work. As Crelinsten so expertly shows, the glow that now surrounds the famous scientist had its beginnings in these early debates among professional scientists working in the glare of the public spotlight. |
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EINSTEIN AND THE WORLD COMMUNITY OF PHYSICISTS AND ASTRONOMERS | 3 |
THE ASTRONOMY COMMUNITY | 7 |
THE ASTROPHYSICS REVOLUTION | 9 |
EUROPEAN BRAINS AND AMERICAN MONEY | 20 |
THE NATIONS LEADER | 25 |
ASTRONOMERS AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY THE FIRST PUBLICATIONS | 28 |
RELATIVITY AND THE ETHER | 31 |
RELATIVITY AND SUBJECTIVISM | 36 |
EINSTEINS THIRD VICTORY | 173 |
UNRAVELING COMPLEXITIESEVERSHED VERSUS ST JOHN | 175 |
EVERSHED VOTES FOR EINSTEIN | 179 |
MORE ECLIPSE TESTING | 183 |
CONFLICTING ANNOUNCEMENTS ON THE GOLDENDALE RESULTS | 185 |
PREPARATIONS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN ECLIPSE | 194 |
ALL EYES ON LICK | 200 |
EMERGENCE OF THE CRITICS | 213 |
USING RELATIVITY TO CALCULATE PLANETARY ORBITS | 38 |
AMERICAN ASTRONOMERS INTRODUCTION TO RELATIVITY | 40 |
19111919 ASTRONOMERS ENCOUNTER EINSTEIN | 45 |
THE EARLY INVOLVEMENT 19111914 | 47 |
SOLAR ECLIPSES VULCAN AND THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY | 50 |
EINSTEIN FINDS AN ASTRONOMER | 55 |
PUZZLES IN THE SUNS SPECTRUM | 65 |
THE RUSSIAN ECLIPSE OF 1914 | 76 |
THE WAR PERIOD 19141918 | 85 |
EINSTEINS BREAKTHROUGH | 87 |
THE FREUNDLICH AFFAIR | 90 |
NEWS OF EINSTEINS BREAKTHROUGH SPREADS | 94 |
MIXED REACTIONS TO A COMPLICATED THEORY | 98 |
CONSTRUCTING THE UNIVERSE | 103 |
CHALLENGES FROM SOLAR OBSERVATIONS | 108 |
LICK ASTRONOMERS Go ECLIPSE HUNTING | 114 |
EINSTEIN LIBERATES FREUNDLICH | 119 |
1919 A YEAR OF DRAMATIC ANNOUNCEMENT | 125 |
DELAYS AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AT LICK | 126 |
THE LICK VERDICT EINSTEIN IS WRONG | 131 |
THE BRITISH DECLARE EINSTEIN IS RIGHT | 140 |
MEN OF SCIENCE AGOG | 146 |
PRESSURE FROM THE PRESS | 153 |
THE ROLE OF ARTHUR EDDINGTON | 157 |
EINSTEIN THE NATIONAL TREASURE | 160 |
HALE REALIZES His VISION | 165 |
19201925 ASTRONOMERS PUT EINSTEIN TO THE TEST | 169 |
TACKLING THE SOLAR REDSHIFT PROBLEM | 171 |
TJJ SEE VERSUS THE LICK OBSERVATORY | 216 |
AN ANTIRELATIVITY COALITION IN THE EAST | 225 |
THE ETHER ATTEMPTS A COMEBACK | 231 |
THE DEBATE INTENSIFIES | 236 |
MOUNT WILSON AND LICK VOTE FOR EINSTEIN | 241 |
THE ANTIRELATIVITY CAMPAIGN GAINS MOMENTUM | 243 |
CONFRONTATION | 252 |
A NEW LINE OF EVIDENCE TO TEST EINSTEIN | 257 |
19251930 FINAL ACCEPTANCE | 263 |
RELATIVITY TRIUMPHS | 265 |
THE RELATIVITY DEBATE CIRCA 1925 | 269 |
ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR AND AGAINST THE ETHER | 273 |
ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE SIRIUS B RESULTS | 277 |
JOHN A MILLER AND THE ECLIPSE TESTS | 282 |
DAYTON C MILLER AND THE ETHER DRIFT | 287 |
THREE MORE PRONOUNCEMENTS | 290 |
RELUCTANT ACCEPTANCE | 296 |
SILENCING THE CRITICS | 300 |
ANTIRELATIVISTS RALLY IN THE EAST | 307 |
THE FINAL SHOWDOWN | 310 |
THE EMERGENCE OF RELATIVISTIC COSMOLOGY | 315 |
FINAL REFLECTIONS | 321 |
ASTRONOMERS RECEPTION OF RELATIVITY | 323 |
RELATIVITY AND US | 324 |
NOTES | 327 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 365 |
385 | |