The Milky Way Galaxy and Statistical Cosmology, 1890-1924Cambridge University Press, 26. nóv. 1993 - 262 síður Between the years 1890 and 1924, the dominant view of the Universe suggested a cosmology largely foreign to contemporary ideas. First, astronomers believed they had confirmed that the Sun was roughly in the center of our star system, the Milky Way Galaxy. Second, considerable evidence indicated that the size of the Galaxy was only about one-third the value accepted by today's astronomers. Third, it was thought that interstellar space was completely transparent, that there was no absorbing material between the stars. Fourth, astronomers believed that the Universe was composed of numerous star systems comparable to the Milky Way Galaxy. The method that provided this picture and came to dominate cosmology was "statistical" in nature, because it was based on the counts of stars and their positions, motions, brightnesses, and stellar spectra. Drawing on previously neglected archival material, Professor Paul describes the rise of this statistical cosmology in light of developments in nineteenth-century astronomy and explains how this cosmology set the stage for many of the most significant developments we associate with the astronomy of the twentieth century. Statistical astronomy was the crucial link that provided much of modern astronomical science with its foundation. |
Efni
Introduction | 1 |
Early NineteenthCentury Statistical Astronomy | 13 |
Statistical Astronomy and the Milky Way Galaxy | 31 |
Seeliger and Stellar Density | 55 |
Kapteyn and the Distribution of Stars | 80 |
Statistical Astronomy as a Research Program | 100 |
Methodology Stellar Statistics and Scientific | 136 |
Kapteyn and International Science | 162 |
Seeliger and German Astronomy | 175 |
Internationalizing of Statistical Cosmology | 181 |
Statistical Cosmology and the Second | 187 |
Research Programs in Transition | 221 |
Seeligers StarRatio Function | 237 |
246 | |
255 | |
Aðrar útgáfur - View all
The Milky Way Galaxy and Statistical Cosmology, 1890-1924 Erich Robert Paul Engin sýnishorn í boði - 1993 |
The Milky Way Galaxy and Statistical Cosmology, 1890-1924 Erich Robert Paul Engin sýnishorn í boði - 2006 |
Common terms and phrases
A. S. Eddington apparent magnitude approach assumptions Astro Astronomische Nachrichten Astrophysical Bart Bok Bonner Durchmusterung catalogues cepheids derived developed distribution of stars fundamental equation G. E. Hale Galactic Latitudes galactic system Galaxy globular clusters gravitational Groningen Gyldén Hale to J. C. Harlow Shapley Harvard Hertzsprung History of Astronomy Hugo Gyldén investigations J. C. Kapteyn Journal Kapteyn to G. E. Karl Schwarzschild Kienle Littrow magnitude class mathematical mean-parallax method Milky Monthly Notices Mount Wilson Observatory München nineteenth century number of stars observational Oort paper parallaxes parsecs proper motions Rhijn Royal Astronomical Society Schouten Science scientific Seeliger and Kapteyn Seeliger's Shapley's sidereal problem sidereal system solar spectral type Spiral Nebulae star-counts star-ratio star-streaming stars in space statistical astronomy statistical cosmology stellar astronomy stellar brightness stellar distances stellar distributions stellar magnitudes stellar motions stellar statistics stellar system stellar universe structure Struve studies telescopes theoretical tion Ueber velocity William Herschel